So in the interest of helping others, I will reply to my own post with what went down.
The bevel gear and sleeve were both stripped.
The rear diff is suspected bad as well, but I did not remove it.

I removed the drive-shaft, and as it freely spun, I needed the volvo tool. I made one.
Cut out a ...

I was doing a u-turn and heard a loud pop/bang, thought I ran over something. Did not.
As I approached 30mph a buzzing/whirring noise started. Almost thought I ran over something and it got stuck rubbing the tire.

Sound seems to come from front left. I had recently swapped the cv boots as part of a ...