Check that your car has a small fan in the air pipe going from cabin to ECM/TCM box. First cars didn't have it, ECM was overheating. Can retrofit one or hack up a DIY solution.

87 us in your table is the average response latency from CEM. One loop in software on Teensy is under 100 ns.


I need to find a different arming trigger for RX. The CAN transceiver mirroring is tripping this one up.

I don't think more precision will help. The problem is the slowest domain ...

Also does the naturally aspirated 2.4L engine like mine have just 2 sensors?

Yes. Upstream sensor for close-loop air-fuel mixture, downstream sensor for CAT health monitoring. The upstream one usually goes bad first, but the downstream sensor may light up a cat efficiency error sooner than ECM ...

Mr. Detail wrote: 17 Sep 2026, 07:09 Gentlemen, would a factory installed oxygen sensor or OEM be considered a Bosch one?

Depends on who made the ECM. Bosch for Bosch, Denso for Denso, Siemens for Siemens. Run your car by FCP website.

Working on using the Cortex-M7 PWM hardware timer peripherals and DMA as a co-processor.
The idea is to wean the jitters out of the latency measurements.

The above is a comparison between the current version of the "co-processor" vs the current the Software polling method in the Volvo CEM ...

I checked my old records: the base 2002 V70 I had back then asked for the front sensor in 2016, at 145k miles.

If your 2002 runs on factory-installed oxygen sensors, they are both overdue. Replace them every 150k miles or 10 years.

Had a great visit with BlackLab467. He has been busy recently so we had not had a catch up in a while.

He came to collect his 'free' Volvo OE hitch which had been taking up space in my garage for a few weeks. I got it for him as he has been looking for one for a long time. Another friend with a ...

I may extend scot850's claim to "IPD is just crap".

That makes sense. So do you know if any 14T TDO4L from the early '00's work, or are there variants between models ?
And if a tune is going to be needed, is there a preferred upgrade from the 14T instead of the 13T ?

Thanks for you input on this !

You may want a new CHRA in any case. In any ...