There were 3 pandemic waves in 1918–1919, which happened in the spring-summer, summer-fall, and winter (of the Northern Hemisphere), respectively, with the fall wave from September to November 1918 being highly fatal. When mice were infected with a 1918 (H1N1) recombinant virus (r1918), they were history within five days, and this research suggested cytokine storms were afoot back then.
The concept "cytokine storm" is relativity new, with its first journal usage of this expression around 1993, btw.
German researchers did a detailed evaluation of replication patterns of SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19); and a virologist gives a layperson overview here.






