As I've said , I'm not an electrician. Before working with any electrical connections, make sure you do enough research and are comfortable working around electricity and circuits. Doing tests like I outline below can be very helpful but you do need a basic level of understanding and comfort to make sure you are doing things safely for both you and your car's sake.
If you search on "voltage drop test" I think you could determine where things are failing
If you have access to a multimeter the test is quite simple. Essentially you are measuring voltage at each connection and seeing where things drop. That could be in indication of a bad connection or source of higher resistance.
For example,
Suppose you get a measurment of 12.8V when measured -post to + post on battery.
Then you measure -post to +battery clamp and found only 12.3. That would indicate a .5 v drop between your + post and + clamp. This would be an indication there was something wrong (ie corrosion, poor connection, etc) between the battery post and the clamp that is causing the voltage to drop.
However, suppose -post to +battery clamp was still 12.8V. That means the connection there is fine.
Then you measure -post to next connection point past +battery clamp (ie end of one of the wires coming out of + clamp)
If that measured 12.3V, then there was a .5V loss somewhere in that connection. for example it could be:
a) poor connection between + batter clamp and wire (corrosion or failing connection)
b) something wrong in wire itself
c) something wrong at the connection point at other end (not the + battery clamp end. )
Once I understood the basics of this test, I have used it to find problems. I actually started with -post to +post to get my test voltage. Then I tested -post to final connection point and did see a voltage drop. Then in was just a matter of finding where it dropped off.
In my case I found a failing connection at my + battery clamp that to be honest, I should have found just through visual inspection but I didn't.
Just doing the voltage drop test confirmed I had a voltage drop somewhere and then forced me to look at each segment of the circuit. Eventually I found the weak link..






